University of California

University of California, system of public universities in California, U.S., with campuses at Berkeley, Davis, Irvine, Los Angeles, Merced, Riverside, San Diego, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, and Santa Cruz. The university traces its origins to the private College of California, founded in 1855 in Oakland. In 1868 the college merged with the Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College (which had been established as a land-grant school in 1866) to form the University of California; in 1873 the university moved to Berkeley. Over time, other schools became part of the system. A 26-member board of regents governs the system, which has a total enrollment of approximately 300,000.

Berkeley, the main campus of the system, has about 45,000 students. Its 15 schools and colleges include those for optometry, public health, social welfare, public policy, natural resources, journalism, and environmental design and offer more than 350 degree programs. A major research institution, it operates the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, the Energy Institute, the Cancer Research Laboratory, and the Space Sciences Laboratory; the system also operates (under federal contract) the nearby Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The campus has museums devoted to such topics as art, botany, anthropology, and science. Its faculty has included many distinguished scientists, such as Nobel laureates Luis W. Alvarez (physics) and Glenn T. Seaborg (chemistry).

The Los Angeles campus (UCLA) was founded in 1919 as the Southern Branch of the university and acquired its present title in 1927. The system’s largest campus, it enrolls about 46,000 students in the College of Letters and Science and in 12 professional schools in fields such as medicine, dentistry, nursing, public health, law, and engineering and applied science; the world-renowned School of Theatre, Film, and Television has an extensive archive of films, newsreels, and television programs. Undergraduate degrees are available in more than 125 disciplines, and graduate and professional degrees are offered in more than 120 areas. UCLA is one of the country’s top research universities, and its more than 290 research institutes include the Southern California Earthquake Center, the Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, the AIDS Institute, and the Institute of Transportation Studies. In addition, the university is known for its athletic teams, which have won more NCAA championships than almost all other schools in the country; especially prominent were the men’s basketball teams under coach John Wooden (1948–75). Notable UCLA athletes have included Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (basketball), Arthur Ashe (tennis), Evelyn Ashford (track), and Jackie Robinson (baseball).

The San Diego campus, located at La Jolla, was founded as a marine station and became part of the university in 1912. Its 7 schools and divisions serve some 43,000 students in fields such as engineering, physical sciences, and arts and humanities. Undergraduates enroll in one of seven semiautonomous residential colleges. Among its research facilities are the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the San Diego Supercomputer Center.

The Davis campus, a farm in 1908 and then part of the university’s College of Agriculture, became a general campus in 1959. It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees and includes professional schools of law, medicine, veterinary medicine, and education. Enrollment is approximately 40,000.

The San Francisco campus, originally the university’s Medical Department (1873), is the smallest of the system’s units. In addition to medicine, it has schools of nursing, dentistry, and pharmacy and operates the university medical centre and various medical clinics and research organizations. Hastings College of the Law is affiliated with the university.

The Riverside campus, originally the Citrus Experiment Station (1907), also became a general campus in 1959. It has more than 25,000 students in such programs as education, engineering, management, natural and agricultural sciences, and humanities, arts, and social sciences.

Santa Barbara, founded as a teacher’s college in 1891, became part of the university system in 1944. Approximately 25,000 students are enrolled in colleges of letters and science, creative studies, and engineering and in professional schools of education and environmental science and management.

The campuses at Santa Cruz and Irvine were both founded in 1965. Santa Cruz features several small residential colleges as units of the parent institution. With nearly 20,000 students, it offers degrees in arts, humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. It is the headquarters of Lick Observatory. Irvine has programs in 12 academic units, including law, engineering, information and computer sciences, and social ecology; there are more than 35,000 students.

Construction on the system’s 10th campus, at Merced, began in 2002, and it officially opened in 2005. It has about 10,000 students in schools of engineering, natural sciences, and social sciences, humanities, and the arts.

Several educational centres in the San Joaquin Valley and one in Washington, D.C., are affiliated with the university system, and a branch of the medical school at San Francisco is in Fresno. The system’s more than 100 libraries hold more than 40 million volumes, one of the largest collections in North America. The university’s Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources engages in agricultural and conservation research and operates several research centres throughout the state. In 2000 the system helped create the California Institutes for Science and Innovation, which has facilities at various campuses dedicated to technology research. The system also maintains the world’s largest network of university-operated nature reserves, with units scattered throughout the state covering a total area of more than 200 square miles (520 square km). The system’s Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics operates a variety of facilities, including (under federal contract) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California, and Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico.