Kemal Atatürk

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Kemal Atatürk

Q: Why was Kemal Atatürk important?

Kemal Atatürk was founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey , having galvanized the Turkish people after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I . He implemented an ambitious program of modernization and broadly transformed the legal and social systems of Turkish life.

Q: How was Kemal Atatürk educated?

Kemal Atatürk’s father, a local lieutenant in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, dedicated him to military service and sent him to a modern secular school (rather than a religious school). Atatürk attended a military school for his secondary education and afterward entered the War College in Constantinople , followed by the General Staff College.

Q: How did Kemal Atatürk come to power?

Kemal Atatürk became a national hero after turning back the Allies at Gallipoli during World War I. Still, the Ottomans were defeated. To prevent partition of Anatolia , he led a rebellion against the sultanate. In 1923 the sovereignty of the Turkish Republic was internationally recognized with the Treaty of Lausanne . Atatürk became its first president.

Q: What was Kemal Atatürk’s legacy?

Aside from being the founder of modern Turkey , Kemal Atatürk laid the groundwork for Turkey’s state ideology, known as Kemalism. Its principles are republicanism , nationalism, populism , statism (state-controlled economic development), secularism , and revolution (continual change in state and society), which were enshrined in the Turkish constitution in 1937.

president of Turkey

Also known as: Mustafa Kemal, Mustafa Kemal Paşa

Written by Norman Itzkowitz

Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Mar 4, 2024 • Article History

Kemal Atatürk

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Category: History & Society

Turkish:: “Kemal, Father of Turks”

Original name:: Mustafa Kemal

Also called:: Mustafa Kemal Paşa

Born:: 1881, Salonika [now Thessaloníki], Greece

Died:: November 10, 1938, Istanbul, Turkey (aged 57)

Title / Office:: president (1923-1937), Turkey

Political Affiliation:: Committee of Union and Progress; Republican People’s Party

Role In:: Gallipoli Campaign; Greco-Turkish War; Greco-Turkish wars; Treaty of Sèvres; Balkan Wars

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Why was Kemal Atatürk important?

How was Kemal Atatürk educated?

How did Kemal Atatürk come to power?

What was Kemal Atatürk’s legacy?

Kemal Atatürk (born 1881, Salonika [now Thessaloníki], Greece—died November 10, 1938, Istanbul, Turkey) soldier, statesman, and reformer who was the founder and first president (1923–38) of the Republic of Turkey. He modernized the country’s legal and educational systems and encouraged the adoption of a European way of life, with Turkish written in the Latin alphabet and with citizens adopting European-style names. One of the great figures of the 20th century, Atatürk rescued the surviving Turkish remnant of the defeated Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I. He galvanized his people against invading Greek forces who sought to impose ...(100 of 4390 words)

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