Certificate of deposit (CD) vs. savings account: How to choose
For more than a decade—throughout the 2010s, for example—savings accounts and certificates of deposit (CDs) were among the lowest-yielding assets out there. But after a series of rate hikes from the Federal Open Market Committee in 2022 and 2023, banks are starting to pay decent interest.
Putting your money in a CD or savings account can be one of the safest ways to manage your cash while earning a yield. But what’s the difference between them? And where will you get the best bang for your safe investment buck? Let’s take a look at CDs versus savings accounts and how to choose which to use.
Key Points
- Savings accounts are designed for short- to medium-term goals instead of daily spending.
- CDs are designed to lock your money up for a set period of time, with maturities ranging from three months to 10 years.
- In general, the longer your money is tied up, the higher the offered yield.
CD vs. savings account: An overview
CDs and savings accounts are both cash deposit accounts, and they are considered relatively safe—at least when it comes to preserving your money.
Both types of accounts are protected by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), as long as you open your accounts at a member institution. FDIC protection allows for up to $250,000 per depositor across accounts at the same bank. As long as you are within that limit, you can have several protected accounts at the same bank. And if you’re concerned about going beyond FDIC limits, you can open accounts at different institutions to spread the liability around.
Although there are some similarities between CDs and savings accounts, there are some important differences as well.
What is a savings account?
Savings accounts are designed to help you save up for goals or set aside money for an emergency fund. You can access savings accounts a few times a month, but there are restrictions on withdrawals.
In general, savings accounts aren’t supposed to be used for daily transactions (that’s a checking account). As long as you keep to the restrictions, your savings account will be considered a deposit account and eligible for a higher yield than you might see with an interest-bearing or money market checking account.
What is a CD?
A CD, like a savings account, is a deposit account. However, the Federal Reserve considers it a “timed” deposit account, meaning you keep your money in the account for a defined time period. Typically, banks offer CDs with maturities of between 3 and 60 months. You might even be able to get a brokered CD with a 10-year maturity designed to be kept in an individual retirement account (IRA).
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With a CD, the higher interest rate compensates you for locking up your money until maturity. Typically, you can withdraw the funds before maturity, but if you do, you’ll be assessed a penalty of several months’ interest.
There are different types of CDs, though. Some won’t penalize you for early withdrawal, but they might have lower yields than their less flexible counterparts.
The main differences between a CD vs. savings account
- A CD comes with a set maturity, making it less liquid than a savings account.
- Longer-term CDs often have higher yields than savings accounts.
- Savings accounts might have minimum requirements, and you might be assessed a monthly “maintenance” fee if your account falls below that minimum. However, the minimum is usually lower than the minimum required to open a CD. Plus, most banks offer a special low- or no-fee savings account for young savers.
Deciding whether to use a CD or savings account depends on your goals and your intentions for the account. In fact, there’s a good chance that your finances could benefit from using both types of accounts at the same time, but for different goals.
Consider a savings account when …
- You need accessible money, such as for an emergency fund.
- You’re saving for a short-term goal, such as a large purchase or vacation later in the year.
- You want the money to remain safe and liquid (available to withdraw at a moment’s notice), rather than trying to grow it for future wealth.
- Your opening balance is too small for a CD (and you qualify for a low- or no-fee account).
- You hope to connect the savings account to a checking account as backup for overdraft protection, which allows you to avoid a fee or a “bounced” check if there are insufficient funds to settle a charge.
- You hope to take advantage of variable interest rates in a higher-rate environment without the need to open a new account.
Consider a CD when …
- You don’t need immediate access to the money and can afford to keep it “locked up” for a longer period of time.
- You want the money for a larger medium- to long-term goal, like a down payment on a home or to buy a car.
- You hope to take advantage of better long-term yields to safely grow your money close to or even above the rate of inflation.
- You have a plan to ladder your CDs (stagger the maturity dates) to provide a balance of access and yield over time.
- You want a set, relatively high cash yield for a longer period of time.
The bottom line
Although current yields are higher than they’ve been in quite some time, there’s no guarantee they’ll remain high. You can shop around to different banks and credit unions to look for higher yields on both CDs and savings accounts.
If you’re hoping to take advantage of the higher-rate environment to boost your cash savings, you can lock in rates on five-year CDs or create long-term ladders. But do some research. When the Fed began its 2022–23 tightening cycle, some shorter-dated maturities actually paid higher yields than longer-dated ones. That’s another reason a laddered CD portfolio can work to your benefit.
Even at favorable rates, CDs, savings accounts, and other fixed-income investments (such as Treasury bonds and corporate bonds) may not get you all the way to your long-term goals. Yields on fixed-income securities sometimes struggle to keep up with inflation.
For long-term wealth building or to grow your retirement nest egg, consider a diversified asset allocation that also includes stocks, stock indexes, and perhaps alternative investments such as real estate or precious metals.